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Glossary
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1031 Exchange
A swap of one investment property for another that allows capital gains taxes to be deferred, under ...
1040 Form
The standard Internal Revenue Service (IRS) form that individuals use to file their annual income ta...
1040EZ Form
A simplified version of the IRS income tax form for individuals who have uncomplicated financial sit...
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401(k) Plan
A retirement savings plan sponsored by an employer that allows employees to save and invest a portio...
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50/30/20 Budget Rule
A simple budgeting framework that suggests spending approximately 50% of after-tax income on necessi...
529 Plan
A tax-advantaged savings plan designed to encourage saving for future education costs. Legally known...
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Acceleration Clause
A contract provision that allows a lender to require a borrower to repay all of an outstanding loan ...
Accidental Death Benefit
An additional benefit amount that an insurance policy pays to the beneficiary if the insured dies fr...
Accredited Investor
An individual with a net worth, or joint net worth with the person’s spouse, that exceeds $1 milli...
Accrual Taxation
A system where tax is assessed and collected on income as it is earned, regardless of when it is rec...
Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB)
A budgeting approach where budgets are based on the outputs of activities, requiring an analysis of ...
Actuarial Analysis
The discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in insurance, financ...
Actuary
A professional who analyzes the financial costs of risk and uncertainty using mathematics, statistic...
Adjustable Expenses
Costs that one has control over and can adjust based on financial goals, similar to variable and dis...
Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM)
A type of mortgage in which the interest rate applied on the outstanding balance varies throughout t...
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI)
A measure of income calculated from your gross income and used to determine how much of your income ...
Adjuster
An insurance claims agent responsible for evaluating an insurance claim to determine the extent of t...
Allocated Spending Plan
A budget that assigns an expected or predetermined amount of expense to specific categories or depar...
Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT)
A supplemental income tax required in addition to baseline income tax for certain individuals, corpo...
Amortization
The process of gradually writing off the initial cost of an asset over a period, often used in payin...
Amortization Deduction
A tax deduction that allows taxpayers to recover the cost of capital expenses over time through annu...
Amortization Schedule
A complete table of periodic loan payments, showing the amount of principal and the amount of intere...
Amortizing Loan
A loan on which principal and interest are paid in periodic installments until the loan is paid in f...
Angel Investing
Individuals who provide capital for a business start-up, usually in exchange for convertible debt or...
Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
The annual rate charged for borrowing or earned through an investment, which represents the actual y...
Annuity
A long-term investment that an insurance company sells, providing payments in exchange for a one-tim...
Appraisal
A professional assessment of a property's market value, primarily based on comparable recent sales o...
APR (Annual Percentage Rate)
A broader measure of the cost to you of borrowing money, which includes not only the interest rate b...
Assessment
The determination of a property's value for tax purposes, often done by a public tax assessor.
Asset Allocation
An investment strategy that aims to balance risk and reward by apportioning a portfolio’s assets a...
Asset Allocation Tools
Software that helps investors distribute their investments among various asset categories, such as s...
Asset Management
The direction of a client's cash and securities by a financial services company, usually an investme...
Asset Management Company (AMC)
A firm that invests and manages funds pooled together from clients, investing in securities such as ...
Assets
Items of value owned by an individual or corporation, expected to provide future benefits or value.
Automated Bill Payments
Services provided by banks or third-party providers that allow for the automatic scheduling of payme...
Automated Expense Categorization
A feature in many personal finance apps that uses algorithms to automatically classify transactions ...
Automated Savings Apps
Apps that automatically transfer small amounts of money into a savings account based on rules set by...
Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Savings
Accounts that can be accessed through ATM machines, allowing for easy deposits and withdrawals.
Automatic Savings Plan
A banking arrangement where a fixed amount of funds is automatically transferred on a regular schedu...
Automatic Transfer Service (ATS)
A banking service that automatically transfers funds between customer accounts within the same finan...
Average Duration of Unemployment
This indicator measures the average length of time that individuals remain unemployed, providing ins...
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Balance of Trade
The difference between a country's imports and exports of goods and services, reflecting the net exp...
Balance Sheet
A financial statement that summarizes a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a...
Balance Transfer
The process of transferring high-interest debt from one or more credit cards to another card with a ...
Balanced Budget
A budget in which revenues are equal to expenditures, thus not generating any surplus or deficit.
Balanced Fund
An investment fund that aims to provide a balance of growth, income, and conservation of capital by ...
Balloon Mortgage
A type of mortgage that typically offers low, fixed interest rates for a short period of time, after...
Balloon Payment
A large, lump-sum payment scheduled at the end of a series of considerably smaller periodic payments...
Bankruptcy
A legal proceeding involving a person or business that is unable to repay their outstanding debts. T...
Bear Market
A condition in which securities prices fall 20% or more from recent highs amid widespread pessimism ...
Bear Market Rally
A short-term increase in stock prices during a longer-term market decline.
Bearer Bond
A bond that is not registered in the investor's name and is thus payable to whoever holds the bond. ...
Beneficiary
A person who is designated to receive the proceeds from an insurance policy, typically a life insura...
Benefit Period
The length of time during which a benefit is paid under an insurance policy, often seen in disabilit...
Bi-weekly Budget
A budget that is planned and managed every two weeks, often aligned with bi-weekly pay cycles.
Binder
A temporary insurance contract that provides proof of coverage until a permanent policy is issued.
Biometric Security for Banking
Security features that use biological measurements, such as fingerprint or facial recognition, to au...
Blockchain Technology
A system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or...
Blue Chip Stocks
Shares in large, well-known companies with a history of financial stability and solid performance. T...
Bond Yield
The amount of return an investor realizes on a bond. The current yield is those bonds’ interest pa...
Bonds
Debt securities issued by entities such as governments, municipalities, or corporations to raise cap...
Bonds Ladder
A strategy of managing bond investments by purchasing multiple bonds with staggered maturity dates t...
Book Value
The net value of a company's assets, less its liabilities and intangible assets, often used in relat...
Bottom-Up Budgeting
A budgeting process where the budget is prepared with the involvement and input from lower-level emp...
Bridge Loan
A type of short-term loan, typically taken out for a period of 2 weeks to 3 years pending the arrang...
Budget
A plan that outlines expected income and expenses over a set period, helping individuals or organiza...
Budget Adjustment
The act of revising a budget to reflect changes in the financial situation or strategy of an organiz...
Budget Cycle
The lifecycle of a budget from creation to evaluation, typically encompassing the preparation, appro...
Budget Deficit
A situation in financial planning where expenditures exceed income.
Budget Reallocation
The process of shifting budgeted funds from one category or department to another to better align re...
Budget Surplus
A situation where income exceeds expenditures, providing extra money that can be saved or invested.
Budget Variance
The difference between budgeted figures and actual figures for a given period; it can be favorable (...
Budgeting Software
Applications designed to help individuals manage their money more effectively by tracking income and...
Budgeting Templates
Predesigned frameworks or spreadsheets used to structure and track an individual's or family’s fin...
Building Permit
Official approval issued by local government agency that allows you or your contractor to proceed wi...
Bull Market
A market condition in which the prices of securities are rising or are expected to rise.
Business Confidence Index (BCI)
A measure of the level of optimism or pessimism that business managers feel about the prospects of t...
Business Cycle
The fluctuations in economic activity that an economy experiences over a period of time, marked by p...
Business Cycle Indicators (BCI)
A set of composite leading, coincident, or lagging indicators used to forecast the phases of the bus...
Business Tax Credits
Incentives provided to businesses, typically meant to encourage certain behaviors or activities such...
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Call Option
A financial contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy a stock, bond, c...
Capacity Utilization
A statistic used to assess a firm or economy's output levels relative to its potential output, indic...
Capital
Wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization, used for starting a b...
Capital Allocation
The process of distributing financial resources within a company or portfolio to different projects ...
Capital Allowance
A way of providing tax relief on tangible capital expenditure by allowing it to be expensed against ...
Capital Appreciation
An increase in the value of an asset or investment over time, which is not realized until the asset ...
Capital Budget
A budget dealing with expenses for major investments or purchases, such as real estate or large equi...
Capital Budgeting
The process of analyzing and planning expenditures on assets whose returns are expected to extend be...
Capital Expenditure Budget
A budget that plans and tracks spending on assets that will provide benefits over multiple years, su...
Capital Gain
The profit from the sale of property or of an investment.
Capital Gains
The increase in value of a capital asset (investment or real estate) that gives it a higher worth th...
Capital Gains Tax
A tax on the profit realized on the sale of a non-inventory asset that was greater than the amount r...
Capital Loss
The loss incurred when a capital asset (like investments or real estate) decreases in value and is s...
Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate)
A rate of return on a real estate investment property based on the expected income that the property...
Captive Insurance Company
An insurance company that is wholly owned and controlled by its insureds; its primary purpose is to ...
Carryforward
The provision in tax law that allows current losses or certain deductions to be utilized in future t...
Cash Budget
A budget that estimates cash inflows and outflows during a particular period of time to assess wheth...
Cash Flow
The total amount of money being transferred into and out of a business, especially affecting liquidi...
Cash Flow Forecasting Tools
Software that predicts future financial liquidity over a specified period based on upcoming income a...
Cash Management Account (CMA)
A type of account that combines services and features similar to those of checking, savings, and inv...
Cash Reserve
Funds that a person or organization sets aside for future use, often to cover unforeseen expenses or...
Casualty Insurance
A broad category of coverage against loss of property, damage, or other liabilities including vehicl...
Catastrophe Bond
High-yield debt instruments that are designed to raise money for companies in the insurance industry...
Certificate of Deposit (CD)
A savings certificate with a fixed maturity date and specified fixed interest rate that is typically...
Chain of Title
The sequence of historical transfers of title to a property; a chain of title is the official record...
Charge-Off
A declaration by a creditor that an amount of debt is unlikely to be collected, typically when a con...
Claim
A formal request by a policyholder to an insurance company for coverage or compensation for a covere...
Claims Adjuster
An insurance company employee who evaluates insurance claims to determine the extent of the insurer'...
Closed-End Fund
A type of investment fund and publicly traded entity that raises a fixed amount of capital through a...
Closing Costs
Fees and expenses, aside from the price of the property itself, incurred by buyers and sellers durin...
Club Account
A type of savings account that encourages saving for specific purposes like holiday spending or prop...
Co-Signer
An individual who agrees to be equally responsible for the repayment of a specific loan should the p...
Coinsurance
A type of insurance in which the insured pays a share of the payment made against a claim. This term...
Commercial Real Estate
Property used solely for business purposes, as opposed to residential real estate, which is used for...
Commodities
Basic goods used in commerce that are interchangeable with other goods of the same type. Traditional...
Commodity Trading
The buying and selling of raw physical assets like gold, oil, or agricultural products on commoditie...
Compound Interest
Interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous period...
Compound Interest Calculator
A tool that allows users to calculate the amount of interest that will be earned on an initial princ...
Condominium
A building or complex of buildings containing a number of individually owned apartments or houses.
Consumer Confidence Index (CCI)
A measure of consumers' optimism or pessimism regarding their expected financial situation, crucial ...
Consumer Leverage Ratio
An indicator that measures the level of consumer debt relative to disposable income and is used to a...
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, s...
Contingency Budget
A budget that includes funds set aside to cover unexpected situations and costs, enhancing financial...
Convertible Bond
A type of bond that can be converted into a predetermined number of the company's equity shares at c...
Convertible Security
A security, typically a bond or a preferred stock, that can be converted into a specified number of ...
Conveyancing
The legal process of transferring property from one owner to another.
Core Inflation
An inflation measure which excludes prices that are subject to volatile movements, typically includi...
Core Producer Price Index (Core PPI)
An index that measures the average change over time in the selling prices received by domestic produ...
Corporate Bond
A debt security issued by a corporation and sold to investors. The backing for the bond is usually t...
Corporate Tax
A tax imposed on the profits earned by corporations, reflecting the various rates applied to differe...
Cost Control
The practice of managing and regulating expenses to keep them within budgeted amounts or to improve ...
Coverage
The extent to which an insurance policy will protect against losses or damages.
Credit
The ability to borrow money or access goods or services with the understanding that repayment will h...
Credit Builder Loan
A loan where the amount borrowed is held in a bank account while the borrower makes fixed payments. ...
Credit Counseling
Professional counseling provided by organizations to help consumers find ways to manage their debts,...
Credit Enhancement
A strategy or method used by the borrower to improve the chances of getting a loan approved or to se...
Credit Freeze
A security measure that restricts access to your credit report, making it more difficult for identit...
Credit Limit
The maximum amount of credit that a financial institution extends to a client through a line of cred...
Credit Monitoring Services
Services that watch a consumer's credit reports and alert them to changes that could signal fraud or...
Credit Repair Software
Tools designed to help individuals improve their credit score by identifying errors and opportunitie...
Credit Report
A detailed report of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit bureau. It includes persona...
Credit Risk
The risk of loss of principal or loss of a financial reward stemming from a borrower's failure to re...
Credit Score
A numerical expression based on an analysis of a person's credit files to represent the creditworthi...
Credit Score Improvement Simulators
Tools that predict how different financial decisions and actions may impact a user’s credit score,...
Credit Score Simulators
Tools that allow consumers to see how different financial decisions may impact their credit score ov...
Credit Utilization Ratio
The amount of outstanding balances on all credit cards divided by the total of each card’s limit, ...
Creditworthiness
An assessment by lenders of the likelihood that a borrower can repay a loan or meet financial obliga...
Cryptocurrency Wallets
Digital tools that allow users to store and manage their cryptocurrency addresses. These wallets can...
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Day Trading
The practice of buying and selling financial instruments within the same trading day, so that all po...
Debt
Money owed by one party to another, often as a result of borrowing funds to finance activities or pu...
Debt Avalanche Method
A strategy for paying down debt that involves paying the minimum payment on all accounts, then using...
Debt Ceiling
The maximum amount of monies that a government is authorized to borrow without receiving additional ...
Debt Consolidation
The act of combining several loans or liabilities into one loan, often with a lower interest rate, a...
Debt Coverage Ratio (DCR)
A measure of a property’s ability to cover its monthly mortgage payments from the cash generated f...
Debt Management Plan
A structured payment plan set up by a credit counseling agency to help a debtor repay their debts th...
Debt Optimization Software
Tools designed to provide strategies for paying down debt in an efficient manner, often using method...
Debt Reconciliation
The process of checking and confirming that the amounts spent match the amounts borrowed or allocate...
Debt Reduction Software
Tools designed to help users plan the payoff of debt under various strategies, often by prioritizing...
Debt Relief
Any measure or solution that eases the burden of debt on individuals, such as restructuring loans, r...
Debt Repayment Plan
A strategy for paying off debt over a period, often incorporated into personal budgets to manage and...
Debt Security
An investment based on the debt of a company or government, such as a bond, debenture, or other form...
Debt Service Budget
A budget for tracking payments on long-term debts, including interest and principal repayment.
Debt Service Ratio (DSR)
An economic metric that compares an individual's or country’s debt payments to its total income, r...
Debt Settlement
A negotiation made with a debtor's unsecured creditor to reduce the amount of a debt in exchange for...
Debt Snowball Method
A debt reduction strategy where you pay off debts in order of smallest to largest, gaining momentum ...
Debt Snowflake Method
A debt reduction strategy that involves making small, everyday savings and applying those savings im...
Debt Tracker
An application or tool that allows users to input and monitor their debts, including credit card bal...
Debt-Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)
The ratio of cash available to borrowers and companies to cover annual interest and principal paymen...
Debt-to-Capital Ratio
A measurement of a company's financial leverage, calculated by dividing its total liabilities by its...
Debt-to-Equity Ratio (D/E)
A financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to financ...
Debt-to-GDP Ratio
The ratio between a country's government debt and its gross domestic product (GDP), which helps gaug...
Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI)
A personal finance measure that compares an individual’s total debt to their overall income, used ...
Declination
The refusal of an insurer to insure an individual or business based on the perceived risks involved....
Deductible
The amount of money a policyholder must pay out-of-pocket before the insurance company starts to pay...
Deed
The official document transferring ownership from one person to another; it must be a written docume...
Deed of Trust
A document used in real estate transactions, essentially a deed to a third party to hold as security...
Default
Failure to meet the legal obligations (or conditions) of a loan, typically when a borrower fails to ...
Deferred Compensation
A portion of an employee's income that is paid out at a later date, providing tax and savings benefi...
Deferred Savings Plan
A savings plan that allows for funds to be set aside and tax-deferred until they are withdrawn, typi...
Deferred Tax
A tax liability that a company owes and will pay in the future due to timing differences between whe...
Deficit Financing
The practice of funding government spending through borrowing rather than from taxation, often leadi...
Depletion
A method of accounting for the reduction of reserves in natural resources, which allows for a reason...
Deposit Insurance
A protection scheme for bank depositors that protects and compensates them up to a certain limit in ...
Depository Institution
Financial institutions such as banks and credit unions that accept money deposits and provide tradit...
Depreciation
The reduction in the value of an asset over time, particularly in relation to wear and tear from use...
Derivatives
Financial securities with a value that is reliant upon or derived from, an underlying asset or group...
Digital Financial Advisor
An online service or application that provides automated, algorithm-driven financial planning servic...
Digital Receipts Management
Tools designed to organize and store digital versions of receipts for personal or business use, whic...
Digital Wallet
An electronic device or online service that allows an individual to make electronic transactions, in...
Direct Deposit
The electronic transfer of a payment directly from the account of the payer to the recipient's accou...
Directors and Officers Liability Insurance
Insurance that covers the directors and officers of a company, or other types of organization, in th...
Discretionary Funding
Money allocated to discretionary spending, which is non-essential and can be adjusted or cut without...
Discretionary Spending
Non-essential expenses that can be adjusted based on financial goals and current economic situations...
Diversification
A risk management strategy that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio to minimize t...
Dividend
A distribution of a portion of a company's earnings, decided by the board of directors, to a class o...
Dividend Yield
A financial ratio that shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its stoc...
Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA)
An investment strategy in which an investor divides up the total amount to be invested across period...
Down Payment
An initial payment made when something is bought on credit, particularly significant in real estate ...
Due Diligence
The comprehensive appraisal of a business or property undertaken by a prospective buyer, especially ...
Due-on-Sale Clause
A provision in a mortgage that requires the full balance of the loan to be repaid immediately if the...
Dwelling Coverage
Part of a standard homeowners insurance policy that covers the structure of the home in the event of...
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E-Wallets
Digital systems that store users' payment information securely and allow for making payments quickly...
Earmarked Funds
Money set aside for a specific purpose or project, often within a larger budget or savings account.
Easement
A right to cross or otherwise use someone else's land for a specified purpose, such as access to a p...
Economic Exposure
The extent to which a company's operations and profitability are affected by fluctuations in economi...
Economic Nexus
A tax obligation created for companies doing business in a state but not physically present, typical...
Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)
An index that measures the confidence of consumers and businesses in the economy, typically derived ...
Economic Utilization
A broad measure that assesses the degree to which a country's productive capacity is being used to p...
Education Fund
A savings plan designated for future education expenses; often incentivized with tax advantages or o...
Education Savings Account (ESA)
An account that allows families to save funds for a child's education expenses, such as tuition, boo...
Effective Tax Rate
The actual rate you pay on your total income, including all deductions and credits. It's often diffe...
Efficiency Measures
Techniques or metrics used to gauge the effectiveness of resource usage in achieving a specific outp...
Electronic Trading Platforms
Online systems that facilitate the trading of financial products such as stocks, bonds, and derivati...
Emergency Fund
A reserve of money set aside to cover unexpected expenses or financial emergencies, typically three ...
Encumbrance
A claim against, limitation on, or liability against real estate that affects the title to the prope...
Endorsement
A document attached to an insurance policy that amends the terms of the insurance contract.
Endowment Policy
A life insurance contract designed to pay a lump sum after a specified term (on its 'maturity') or o...
Envelope System
A method of budgeting where money is divided into categories or "envelopes" for specific expenses. O...
Equity
The value of ownership interest in a property or business, calculated as total assets minus total li...
Equity Crowdfunding
A form of crowdfunding that enables broad numbers of investors to fund startup companies and small b...
Equity Crowdfunding Platforms
Online platforms that allow individuals to invest small amounts of money in startup companies in exc...
Equity Financing
The method of raising capital by selling company shares to investors; in return, shareholders receiv...
Equity Fund
A mutual fund that invests principally in stocks, reflecting the fund's investment objective of capi...
Equity Line of Credit
A credit line extended to a borrower that is secured by the equity value in the borrower's home. It ...
Equity Loan
A loan in which the borrower uses the equity of their home as collateral. The loan amount is determi...
Equity Release
A financial product that allows you to access the equity (cash) tied up in your home if you are olde...
Equity Security
A share of ownership in a company, such as common or preferred stock, representing a claim on part o...
Equity Sharing
An arrangement in which two parties share ownership of a property, usually in exchange for one party...
Equity-Linked Note (ELN)
A debt instrument that differs from a standard fixed-income security in that the final payout is bas...
Escalator Clause
A contract provision that allows for an increase in wages or prices under certain conditions, often ...
Escrow
A financial arrangement where a third party holds and regulates payment of the funds required for tw...
Escrow Account
An account where funds are held in trust while two or more parties complete a transaction, often use...
Estate Planning
The process of arranging during an individual's life for the management and disposal of that person'...
Estate Planning Software
Tools designed to assist individuals in managing and planning the distribution of their estate (asse...
Estate Tax
A tax imposed on the total value of a person's estate at the time of their death before distribution...
Excess and Surplus Insurance
Coverage available to policyholders that do not qualify for insurance in the regular market. Insurer...
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
Investment funds traded on stock exchanges, much like stocks, holding assets such as stocks, commodi...
Excise Duty
A type of tax charged on goods produced within the country, as opposed to customs duties, which appl...
Excise Licence
A mandatory license for producing or selling items that require excise tax, such as alcohol, tobacco...
Excise Tax
A tax charged on specific goods and services, such as alcohol, tobacco, and gasoline, often included...
Exclusion
Specific conditions or circumstances listed in an insurance policy for which the policy will not pro...
Exclusion Rider
A provision in an insurance policy that excludes certain illnesses or conditions from coverage.
Expense Forecast
An estimate of future costs incurred by an organization or individual, used for planning and budgeti...
Expense Tracker
Tools or apps that help users log and categorize their expenses to understand where their money goes...
Expenses
Money spent or costs incurred in an entity’s efforts to generate revenue, representing the cost of...
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Facultative Reinsurance
A type of reinsurance that is offered for individual risks, not part of a treaty, where the reinsure...
FHA Loan
A mortgage issued by federally qualified lenders and insured by the Federal Housing Administration (...
FICO Score
A type of credit score created by the Fair Isaac Corporation used by lenders to determine credit ris...
Fidelity Bond
A form of insurance protection that covers policyholders for losses that they incur as a result of f...
Fidelity Insurance
A form of insurance that covers policyholders for losses that they incur as a result of fraudulent a...
Fiduciary
A person or organization that acts on behalf of another person or persons, putting their clients' in...
Fiduciary Duty
A legal obligation of one party to act in the best interest of another. The obligated party is typic...
Fiduciary Duty in Real Estate
The legal duty of a real estate agent or broker to act in the best interests of their client.
Filing Status
A category that defines the type of tax return form an individual will use. Filing status is affecte...
Financial Advisor
A professional who helps individuals manage their finances by providing advice on money issues such ...
Financial Aggregator Services
Online platforms or software that consolidates information from various accounts, providing an overv...
Financial Aggregators
Tools that compile data from various sources, typically different bank and investment accounts, to p...
Financial Benchmarking
The process of comparing one's business processes and performance metrics to industry bests or best ...
Financial Counseling
Professional advice and education aimed at helping individuals improve their financial situation, of...
Financial Dashboard
A comprehensive tool that aggregates data from various financial accounts to provide a quick overvie...
Financial Derivative
A financial instrument whose value is based on the performance of underlying assets such as stocks, ...
Financial Forecasting Software
Advanced tools that use historical data and modeling to predict future financial conditions and outc...
Financial Goal Tracker
Tools that help users set, monitor, and work towards specific financial goals, such as saving for a ...
Financial Health Checkup Tools
Interactive assessments available through financial institutions or personal finance apps that revie...
Financial Health Scorecards
Tools that assess and provide feedback on an individual’s financial health, often evaluating facto...
Financial Independence
The status of having enough income to pay one's living expenses for the rest of one's life without h...
Financial Literacy
The ability to understand and effectively apply various financial skills, including personal financi...
Financial Planner
A financial services professional who helps individuals and corporations meet their long-term financ...
Financial Planning Software
Comprehensive tools used by individuals or financial advisors to create long-term financial strategi...
Financial Projections
Estimates of a company's future financial outcomes, based on historical data, current trends, and an...
Fiscal Deficit
Occurs when a government's total expenditures exceed the revenue that it generates, excluding money ...
Fiscal Multiplier
The ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. This i...
Fiscal Neutrality
A principle where taxation and public expenditure policies should not favor any one sector or decisi...
Fiscal Policy
Government policies regarding taxation and spending that influence economic conditions, particularly...
Fiscal Stress Index (FSI)
A measure designed to identify periods of fiscal stress within an economy, which could affect the st...
Fixed Budget
A budget that remains constant, regardless of changes in business activity levels, sales volume, or ...
Fixed Deposit
A financial instrument provided by banks that offers a higher rate of interest than a regular saving...
Fixed Expenses
Regular, set expenses that do not change in amount, such as rent or mortgage payments, and car payme...
Fixed-Rate Bond
A bond that pays the same amount of interest for its entire term, and the principal sum is repaid at...
Fixed-Rate Mortgage (FRM)
A mortgage that has a fixed interest rate for the entire term of the loan.
Fixture
A legal term for items of property that are attached to the land or a building and are part of the r...
Fixture Filing
A type of security interest granted over an item of property which is considered a fixture, meaning ...
Flat Tax
A tax system with a constant marginal rate, usually applied to individual or corporate income.
Flexible Budget
A budget that adjusts or flexes with changes in the volume of activity, revenues, or other factors a...
Flexible Spending Account (FSA)
A special account you put money into that you use to pay for certain out-of-pocket health care costs...
Floating Interest Rate
An interest rate that is tied to a financial index and can change periodically based on the change i...
Flood Insurance
Specific insurance coverage against property loss from flooding. To determine risk factors for certa...
Forecasting
The process of making predictions about future financial performance based on historical data and an...
Forecasting Techniques
Methods used to predict financial outcomes based on historical data and analysis, such as trend anal...
Foreclosure
The process by which a lender attempts to recover the amount owed on a defaulted loan by taking owne...
Foreign Tax Credit
A nonrefundable tax credit for income taxes paid to a foreign government as a result of foreign inco...
Forex Trading (FX Trading)
The trading of currencies against one another in a decentralized global market. It's the most widely...
Franchise Tax
A tax levied at the state level against businesses and partnerships chartered within that state and ...
Frugal Budgeting
A budgeting approach that focuses on minimizing expenses and maximizing savings, often requiring str...
Fund Accounting
Used by non-profit organizations, this system categorizes financial data into funds, each with its o...
Fund Balance
In governmental accounting, the net assets of a fund calculated as assets minus liabilities and rese...
Fundamental Analysis
A method of measuring a security's intrinsic value by examining related economic and financial facto...
Futures
Financial contracts obligating the buyer to purchase an asset or the seller to sell an asset, such a...
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Gap Insurance
Insurance that covers the difference between the actual cash value of a vehicle and the balance stil...
Gentrification
The process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class tast...
Gift Tax
A tax on the transfer of any asset from one individual to another without receiving anything or less...
Gilt-Edged Security
High-grade bonds issued by certain national governments and private organizations, perceived as a se...
Gini Coefficient
A measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income or wealth distribution of a nat...
Global Competitiveness Index
A report generated by the World Economic Forum that assesses the competitiveness landscape of econom...
Goal-Based Investing Tools
Investment platforms that help individuals plan their investment strategies based on specific financ...
Goal-Based Saving
Saving with specific targets in mind, allocating funds to separate accounts or investments designate...
Goal-Driven Investment Solutions
Investment platforms that tailor portfolios to achieve specific financial objectives, such as saving...
Good Faith Estimate (GFE)
A document that lists all fees and charges that would be due at the closing of a real estate transac...
Government Budget
The financial plan of a government for a given period, usually a year, which outlines projected tax ...
Grace Period
A time period after the premium is due in which a policyholder can make a premium payment without co...
Grant Budgeting
The process of preparing a budget specifically for grant proposals, outlining how the funds will be ...
Grantor Trust Rules
Tax regulations that determine how income from a trust is taxed, either to the grantor or the benefi...
Green Building
A building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or eliminates negative impacts, a...
Green Investing Apps
Applications focused on investments in sustainable and environmentally friendly companies and projec...
Green Savings
Savings accumulated through environmentally friendly practices, such as reducing energy consumption ...
Greenfield Investment
Direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities in a foreign country, of...
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a specific time ...
Gross Income
The total income from all sources before taxes, deductions, and allowances are factored in.
Gross Margin
The difference between revenue and cost of goods sold divided by revenue, expressed as a percentage....
Gross National Product (GNP)
An economic statistic that includes GDP, plus any income earned by residents from overseas investmen...
Gross Receipts Tax
A tax applied generally to a company's gross sales, without deductions for business expenses, often ...
Gross Rent Multiplier (GRM)
A simple measure used to estimate the approximate value of an income-producing property by dividing ...
Group Insurance
Insurance that covers a defined group of people, for example, the employees of a company, under a si...
Growth Investing
An investment strategy that focuses on stocks that are expected to grow at an above-average rate com...
Growth Stock
Stocks from companies expected to grow sales and earnings at a faster rate than the market average, ...
Guaranteed Loan
A loan guaranteed by a third party, ensuring that the lender is protected against loss in the event ...
Guaranteed Replacement Cost
Insurance policy that pays the cost of replacing damaged property without deduction for depreciation...
Guarantor
A person who agrees to repay the borrower's debt should the borrower default on agreed repayments.
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Habendum Clause
A clause in a deed or lease that defines the type of interest and rights to be enjoyed by the grante...
Hard Inquiry
A credit report check that occurs when a lender looks at your credit report to make a lending decisi...
Hazard
A condition that increases the likelihood or potential severity of a loss. For example, storing rags...
Hazard Insurance
Insurance coverage that in a real estate transaction is required on property to protect against loss...
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
A health insurance organization to which subscribers pay a predetermined fee in return for a range o...
Health Savings Account (HSA)
A tax-advantaged medical savings account available to taxpayers in the United States who are enrolle...
Hedge
An investment to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in an asset, typically by taking an offs...
Hedge Fund
An investment fund that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and inv...
High-Frequency Trading (HFT) Tools
Software used by traders to perform large numbers of orders at extremely fast speeds through algorit...
High-Yield Savings Account
A type of savings account that pays a higher interest rate than standard savings accounts.
Hire Purchase
A type of secured loan which is often used to purchase vehicles; the consumer hires the goods for a ...
Historical Budgeting
A budgeting method that uses actual figures from a previous period to create the budget for the curr...
Holding Period
The amount of time an investment is held by an investor before being sold.
Home Affordability Calculators
Online tools that help prospective home buyers estimate how much they can afford to spend on buying ...
Home Equity
The market value of a homeowner's unencumbered interest in their real property, that is, the differe...
Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC)
A line of credit secured by the equity in a homeowner's property, which can be used for large expens...
Home Inspection
An examination of the condition of a real estate property, typically performed by a qualified inspec...
Homestead Exemption
A legal provision that helps shield a home from some creditors following the death or bankruptcy of ...
House Price Index (HPI)
A broad measure of the movement of single-family house prices, intended to measure the price changes...
Household Budget
A plan that manages the balance between income and expenses within a household, ensuring that funds ...
Household Debt to Income Ratio
A ratio that compares the total debt payments of a household to its disposable income, used to gauge...
Household Finance Management Systems
Comprehensive tools designed to manage all aspects of household finances, from budgeting and bill pa...
Housing Starts
The number of new residential construction projects that have begun during any particular month, ser...
Human Development Index (HDI)
A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are use...
Hybrid Savings Account
A type of savings account that blends features of both checking and savings accounts, offering highe...
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Identity Theft Protection Services
Services that monitor a subscriber’s credit and alert them to potentially fraudulent activity, whi...
Impact Fees
Fees imposed by a local government on a new or proposed development project to pay for all or a port...
Import Cover
An economic indicator that measures how many months of imports can be supported by a nation’s inte...
Imprest System
A form of financial accounting system that is a fixed cash or petty cash system maintained through t...
Incentive Stock Option (ISO)
A type of employee stock option with a tax benefit, when you exercise ISOs to buy stock at a price s...
Incentivized Saving Plan
A saving strategy that includes rewards or bonuses for reaching specific savings milestones or maint...
Income
Money an individual or business receives in exchange for providing a product or service, or through ...
Income Forecasting
The process of estimating future financial income based on historical data, trends, and expected mar...
Income Fund
A type of mutual fund or ETF that primarily focuses on investments that generate income, typically f...
Income Investing
An investment strategy that aims to build a portfolio that generates consistent income through divid...
Income Statement
A financial document that shows a company's revenue and expenses over a specific period, providing i...
Income Stock
Stocks that pay higher-than-average dividends compared to other stock issues, often from companies i...
Income Tax
A tax levied by governments on individuals or entities based on their income or profits.
Incremental Budgeting
A budgeting method where the previous period's budget is the base, with incremental amounts added fo...
Indemnify
To compensate for loss or damage; in a legal sense, it refers to the duty of an insurance carrier to...
Indemnity
A principle of insurance which provides that when a loss occurs, the insured should be restored to t...
Indemnity Plan
A type of medical insurance that reimburses the insured for medical expenses regardless of who provi...
Index Fund
A type of mutual fund or exchange-traded fund designed to replicate the performance of a specific in...
Indirect Tax
A tax collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person who bears the ultimate e...
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)
A tax-advantaged investing tool that individuals use to earmark funds for retirement savings.
Industrial Production Index
A measure of output in the industrial sector, which includes manufacturing, mining, and utilities.
Inflation Expectations
The rate at which people expect prices to increase in the future, which can influence economic behav...
Inflation Hedge
An investment that is considered to protect against the decreased purchasing power of a currency tha...
Inflation Rate
The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, pu...
Inheritance Tax
A tax paid by a person who inherits money or property of a person who has died, unlike estate taxes,...
Initial Public Offering (IPO)
The first sale of stock by a private company to the public. IPOs are often issued by smaller, younge...
Inland Marine Insurance
A type of insurance that covers products, materials, and equipment when transported over land—e.g....
Insolvency
A financial state in which an individual or organization can no longer meet its financial obligation...
Installment Loan
A loan that is repaid over time with a set number of scheduled payments; normally at least two payme...
Insurance Comparison Platforms
Websites or apps that allow consumers to compare insurance policies from different providers side-by...
Insurance Fraud
Any act committed with the intent to fraudulently obtain payment from an insurer.
Insurance Policy
A contract between an insurer and a policyholder that defines the rights and duties of both parties,...
Insurance Pool
A form of risk management primarily used to group collective risk for numerous insurance companies. ...
Interest
The charge for borrowing money or the payment made by a bank to customers on funds deposited.
Interest Capitalization
The addition of unpaid interest to the principal balance of a loan, effectively increasing the total...
Interest Rate
The amount charged, expressed as a percentage of principal, by a lender to a borrower for the use of...
Interest-Only Loan
A loan where the borrower pays only the interest for some or all of the term, with the principal bal...
Interest-Only Mortgage
A type of mortgage in which the borrower pays only the interest on the loan for a set period, after ...
Inversion
A move by a company to relocate its legal domicile to a lower-tax nation, typically while retaining ...
Investment
The purchase of assets with the goal of generating income or appreciation in value over time.
Investment Apps
Mobile or web-based applications that allow individuals to invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, an...
Investment Grade
A rating that indicates that a municipal or corporate bond has a relatively low risk of default. Bon...
Investment Portfolio Analysis Tools
Platforms that provide detailed analytics on investment portfolios, assessing performance, diversifi...
Investment Property
Real estate property that has been purchased with the intention of earning a return on the investmen...
Investment Savings Account
A savings account that allows you to earn interest on the money you save and also invest in stocks, ...
Investment Tracking Software
Applications that allow investors to monitor their investment portfolios, track the performance of t...
Invoice Financing
A way for businesses to borrow money based on amounts due from customers. Businesses use unpaid invo...
Invoice Management Systems
Digital platforms that help businesses issue invoices and manage receivables efficiently, often incl...
Itemized Deductions
Deductions allowed by the IRS that taxpayers can use to reduce their taxable income. They include de...
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Jacket
The cover of an insurance policy that provides information including the conditions, clauses, and te...
Job Costing
The process of tracking costs associated with a specific job or project, used to determine the profi...
Job Income Predictors
Tools that analyze career information and current job market trends to forecast future income levels...
Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
A survey done by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics to help measure job vacancies. It coll...
Jobless Claims
A statistic reported weekly by the U.S. Department of Labor that counts people filing for state unem...
Joint Account
A bank or brokerage account shared by two or more individuals, where each account holder has equal a...
Joint and Survivor Annuity
An annuity that continues to make payments as long as at least one of the annuitants is alive.
Joint Finance Apps
Mobile or web applications designed to help couples or business partners manage their joint financia...
Joint Life Insurance
A life insurance policy that is designed to cover two or more persons and pays out the benefit upon ...
Joint Tenancy
A type of ownership of real or personal property by two or more persons in which each owns an undivi...
Joint Venture
A business arrangement in which two or more parties agree to pool their resources for the purpose of...
Judgment
A court order that is the result of a lawsuit filed against a borrower by a creditor for non-payment...
Jumbo Loan
A type of financing that exceeds the limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) and, be...
Junior Debt
Debt that is ranked below other debts when it comes to claims on assets or earnings in the event of ...
Junior ISA (Individual Savings Account)
A tax-advantaged savings account in the UK available to children under 18, which locks funds until t...
Junior Savings Account
A savings account designed for young people to encourage saving habits from an early age, often offe...
Junk Bond
A bond rated 'BB' or lower because of its high default risk but typically offering a higher yield th...
Jurisdictional Tax
Taxes that are levied by different taxing authorities, which can include federal, state, local, and ...
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Keogh Plan
A tax-deferred pension plan available to self-employed individuals or unincorporated businesses for ...
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Metrics used to measure the effectiveness and success of an organization in achieving key business o...
Key Person Insurance
Insurance on the life or health of a key executive, designed to help protect a company from the fina...
Key Rate
The specific interest rate that determines bank lending rates and the cost of credit for borrowers.
Kiddie Tax
A tax rule that is applied to unearned income of children under certain ages, which is taxed at the ...
Knowledge Economy
An economy based on the production, distribution, and use of knowledge and information, rather than ...
Knowledge-Based Authentication (KBA)
A security process used by financial institutions where users are asked to answer at least one "secr...
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Labor Force Participation Rate
A measure of the active portion of an economy's labor force, indicating the number of people who are...
Labor Market Efficiency
A measure of the extent to which a labor market maximizes employment and skill levels, crucial for u...
Labor Market Flexibility
An indicator of how quickly and easily labor markets adapt to fluctuations in the economy and change...
Laddered CDs
A savings strategy that involves buying certificates of deposit (CDs) with staggered maturity dates ...
Land Contract
A contractual agreement between a buyer and a seller of real estate property, where the seller provi...
Land Lease
An agreement in which a tenant is permitted to develop a piece of property during the lease period, ...
Landlord
The owner of rental property who leases the space to tenants.
Leading Economic Index (LEI)
A composite index published by the Conference Board that is used to forecast changes in the directio...
Lease
A contractual arrangement calling for the lessee (user) to pay the lessor (owner) for use of an asse...
Leasehold Improvement
Any modification or improvement to a leased space made by a tenant, typically in commercial real est...
Level Term Insurance
Term life insurance for which the premiums remain the same throughout the duration of the contract.
Leverage
The use of various financial instruments or borrowed capital—such as margin—to increase the pote...
Leverage Ratio
A financial ratio that measures the degree of an entity's reliance on borrowed funds (debt) in finan...
Leveraged Buyout (LBO)
The acquisition of another company using a significant amount of borrowed money (bonds or loans) to ...
Levy
The legal seizure of property to satisfy a tax debt. It’s different from a lien; a lien is a claim...
Liabilities
Financial obligations or debts owed by an individual or company to another entity.
Liability Insurance
A type of insurance that provides protection against claims resulting from injuries and damage to pe...
Lien
A legal right or interest that a creditor has in the debtor's property, typically lasting until the ...
Lifestyle Budgeting Apps
Mobile applications that not only track spending and savings but also analyze the user's spending ha...
Lifestyle Fund
A mutual fund designed to maintain a predetermined risk level and mix of investments according to a ...
Lifestyle Inflation
The phenomenon where one’s spending increases as income rises, which can hinder long-term savings ...
Lifetime Savings Account
A savings account that provides individuals with a tax-advantaged way to save for long-term goals.
Line Item Budget
A detailed budget that lists each expense on a separate line, offering a straightforward view of whe...
Liquidity
The availability of liquid assets to a company or individual, and the ability to convert assets into...
Liquidity Budgeting
Managing a budget to ensure sufficient liquidity to cover upcoming expenses without relying on addit...
Liquidity Crisis
A financial situation characterized by a lack of liquidity in a market accompanied by a rapid increa...
Liquidity Forecasting
Estimating the amount of cash that will be available in a business at any given time, ensuring that ...
Liquidity Trap
A situation in which monetary policy becomes ineffective because the populace or businesses hoard ca...
Loan Comparison Tools
Online calculators that help consumers compare different types of loans, including terms, interest r...
Loan Covenant
A condition that the borrower must comply with to adhere to the terms of the loan agreement, failure...
Loan Modification
A change made to the terms of an existing loan by a lender as a response to a borrower's long-term i...
Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV)
A financial term used by lenders to express the ratio of a loan to the value of an asset purchased, ...
Long-Term Care Insurance
Insurance policies that cover the costs of care beyond a predetermined period typically provided to ...
Loss Payee
A person or entity that has an insurable interest in the property covered under the policy and is na...
Loss Prevention
Actions taken to reduce the likelihood of an occurrence that would cause a loss, typically within th...
Loss Ratio
The ratio of total losses paid out in claims plus adjustment expenses divided by the total premiums ...
Loyalty Program Tracker
A tool or application that manages multiple loyalty programs and reward points from different entiti...
Luxury Tax
A tax placed on products or services that are deemed to be non-essential or affordable only to the s...
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Margin
Borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock or other financial assets; the amount of equity cont...
Margin Call
A demand by a lender for a borrower to deposit additional money or securities to cover possible loss...
Margin Trading
The practice of using borrowed funds from a broker to trade a financial asset, which forms the colla...
Marginal Costing
A costing technique that analyzes the change in total costs that arise from producing additional uni...
Marginal Efficiency of Investment (MEI)
The rate of return on investment as additional units of investment are made, used in determining the...
Marginal Relief
Tax relief that provides a gradual increase in tax rates between two thresholds, which helps to avoi...
Marginal Tax Rate
The rate at which your last dollar of income is taxed, which can be used to assess the impact of add...
Marginal Tax Relief
The reduction in tax that results from the application of a lower tax bracket to additional income.
Market Capitalization
The total dollar market value of a company's outstanding shares of stock. It is calculated by multip...
Market Downturn
A rapid decline in the market price of assets or the broader market indices, typically defined by sh...
Market Timing
The strategy of making buy or sell decisions of financial assets by attempting to predict future mar...
Market Value
The most probable price that a given property would bring in an open and competitive market.
Market Volatility
The rate at which the price of securities increases or decreases for a given set of returns. It is o...
Master Budget
A comprehensive financial planning document that includes all of the smaller, individual budgets wit...
Matched Savings Plan
A savings incentive plan typically offered by employers or government programs that match deposits i...
Maturity
The date on which the principal amount of a note, draft, acceptance bond, or another debt instrument...
Maturity Date
The specified date on which the final payment of a loan or financial instrument is due and after whi...
Medical Payments Coverage
A feature of an auto insurance policy that covers the medical expenses associated with an accident.
Mezzanine Financing
A hybrid of debt and equity financing that gives the lender the rights to convert to an ownership or...
Micro-Investment Platforms
Apps that allow users to invest small amounts of money regularly in a portfolio of stocks or funds, ...
Microloan
A very small, short-term loan at low interest, especially for a start-up company or small business, ...
Microsavings
Small, regular savings contributions that accumulate over time, often facilitated by apps or specifi...
Minimum Payment
The smallest amount of a credit card bill that a credit card holder must pay each billing cycle to k...
Mobile Banking
A service provided by a bank or other financial institution that allows its customers to conduct fin...
Mobile Wallet Integration
The process of linking personal finance apps with mobile wallets to facilitate easier monitoring of ...
Monetary Aggregates
The measures of the money supply in an economy, including narrow money (M1) which encompasses cash a...
Money Management Apps
Mobile applications that help users track, plan, and manage their personal finances, including expen...
Money Market Account
An interest-bearing account that typically pays a higher interest rate than a savings account and pr...
Money Market Fund
A type of mutual fund that invests in high-quality, short-term debt securities and pays dividends th...
Money Supply
The total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time. It includes various ...
Monthly Run Rate
A method of forecasting future financial outcomes by analyzing current monthly financial results and...
Moral Hazard
The risk that a party insured against a certain event will act in a manner that increases the likeli...
Mortgage
A loan specifically used to purchase real estate, in which the property itself serves as collateral ...
Mortgage Insurance
A form of insurance specifically designed to protect a mortgage lender's interest in the property sh...
Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP)
An insurance policy which compensates lenders or investors for losses due to the default of a mortga...
Mortgage Refinancing
The process of replacing an existing mortgage with a new one, typically to reduce the interest rate ...
Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS)
A type of asset-backed security that is secured by a mortgage or collection of mortgages.
Multi-Year Budgeting
A budgeting framework that extends beyond the traditional one-year period to provide a longer-term p...
Municipal Bond
A debt security issued by a state, municipality, or county to finance its capital expenditures. Thes...
Mutual Funds
Investment vehicles that pool money from many investors to purchase a diversified portfolio of stock...
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Named Insured
The individual(s) whose name appears on the policy's declaration page and who is protected under the...
Named Perils
Perils specifically covered on an insurance policy, as opposed to open perils coverage, which covers...
National Income
The total amount of money earned within a country from economic activities over a period, including ...
Natural Rate of Unemployment
A level of unemployment believed to be consistent with full employment, reflecting the number of peo...
Needs vs. Wants
A financial concept distinguishing essential expenses from those that are desirable but not essentia...
Negative Amortization
Occurs when the monthly payments on a loan are not enough to cover the interest cost, causing the lo...
Negative Pledge Clause
A clause in a contract that prohibits a borrower from creating any liens or encumbrances over certai...
Nest Egg
A substantial sum of money or other assets saved or invested for a specific purpose, often retiremen...
Nested Foreign Entity Reporting
The requirement for taxpayers to report all foreign entities they control, directly or indirectly, t...
Net Asset Value (NAV)
The value per share of a mutual fund or an ETF calculated by dividing the total value of all the cas...
Net Asset Value Per Share (NAVPS)
The value of a fund's assets minus its liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding, use...
Net Exports
The value of a country's total exports minus its total imports, used to calculate the GDP in an econ...
Net Income
The total earnings after all expenses and taxes have been deducted from revenue.
Net Investment Income Calculators
Tools that help individuals calculate the income generated from investments after expenses, which is...
Net National Product (NNP)
Gross national product minus depreciation; a measure of the total value of all goods and services pr...
Net Operating Income (NOI)
A calculation used to analyze the profitability of income-generating real estate investments, repres...
Net Operating Loss (NOL)
A period in which a company's allowable tax deductions are greater than its taxable income, resultin...
Net Savings
Total savings remaining after all costs, taxes, and expenses have been deducted, representing the ac...
Net Worth
The amount by which assets exceed liabilities, which represents the financial value of an individual...
Net Worth Calculators
Tools that help individuals calculate their total net worth by subtracting their liabilities from th...
Net Worth Tracker
A personal finance tool that aggregates all assets and liabilities to calculate and track an individ...
No-Fault Insurance
A type of insurance contract, typically associated with state laws, where policyholders are compensa...
Nominal Interest Rate
The interest rate stated on a loan or financial product, not accounting for inflation or other facto...
Non-Admitted Insurer
An insurance company that is not licensed to operate within a given state but is allowed to sell pol...
Non-Correlated Asset
An asset that does not have a strong relationship with other assets in terms of their price movement...
Non-disturbance Clause
A clause in a mortgage or lease that assures tenants that their rights to the premises will be prese...
Non-Domiciled Tax Status
A status assigned to tax residents of a country who are legally considered domiciled in another coun...
Non-Performing Loans (NPLs)
Loans on which the debtor has not made scheduled payments for a specified period. This indicator is ...
Non-Recourse Loan
A type of loan secured by collateral, usually property, where, if the borrower defaults, the issuer ...
Non-Refundable Tax Credit
A tax credit that can only reduce a taxpayer’s liability to zero. Any remaining amount from the cr...
Notice of Default
A notification given to a borrower stating that they have not made their mortgage payments by the pr...
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Occupancy Rate
A measure used in the real estate industry to indicate the ratio of rented or used space compared to...
Occurrence Policy
An insurance policy that offers coverage for injuries and damages that occur during the policy perio...
Off-Plan Property
A property before a structure has been constructed upon it. Pre-construction buying often has to rel...
Offshore Tax Shelter
A legal strategy used by corporations and individuals to avoid or defer taxes by placing assets or t...
Okun's Law
An observed relationship between unemployment and losses in a country's production. The "gap version...
Oligopoly Impact
The economic impact caused by a market structure in which a small number of firms have a large marke...
Online Financial Education Platforms
Websites or applications that offer courses or content designed to improve financial literacy, cover...
Online Financial Scoring Services
Services that provide ratings or scores based on an individual’s financial transactions and histor...
Online Investment Platforms
Websites or applications that allow users to buy and sell securities, manage investment portfolios, ...
Online Mortgage Brokers
Platforms that connect potential borrowers with multiple lenders to find competitive rates for home ...
Online Savings Account
A bank account managed and accessed primarily over the internet, often offering higher interest rate...
Open Market Operations
The activities by which central banks buy or sell government bonds on the open market to expand or c...
Open-End Credit
A credit arrangement, such as a credit card, that allows a customer to borrow against a pre-approved...
Open-End Fund
A type of mutual fund that does not have restrictions on the amount of shares the fund can issue. Th...
Operational Budgeting
The process of preparing detailed projections for business operations that include revenues and expe...
Operational Risk Insurance
Insurance that covers losses resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, and sys...
Opportunity Cost
The potential benefits that an individual, investor, or business misses out on when choosing one alt...
Opportunity Cost Analysis
Evaluating the potential benefits lost when choosing one alternative over another.
Option
A financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party to another. The contract offers ...
Option Premium
The price paid by the buyer to the seller for an option contract for rights to buy or sell an asset ...
Origination Fee
A fee charged by a lender on entering into a loan agreement to cover the cost of processing the loan...
Output Gap
The difference between actual economic output and potential output at full capacity, which can indic...
Output per Hour
A measure of labor productivity calculated as real output divided by the number of labor hours used ...
Over-Insurance
A condition in which too much insurance is purchased, resulting in premiums that are unnecessarily h...
Overdraft
An extension of credit from a lending institution when an account reaches zero, allowing the account...
Overdraft Protection
A banking service that automatically transfers money from a linked account to cover any shortfalls w...
Overlimit
A status that occurs when a borrower exceeds their credit limit or overdraft limit, often resulting ...
Overseas Taxation
The requirement for citizens and businesses to pay taxes on income earned outside of their home coun...
Owner Financing
A property purchase transaction in which the property seller provides all or part of the financing.
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P/E Ratio (Price-to-Earnings Ratio)
A valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings.
Participation Rate
The labor force participation rate measures the proportion of the working-age population that is par...
Participatory Budgeting
A democratic process in which community members directly decide how to spend part of a public budget...
Pass-Through Taxation
A tax structure where the income earned by a business is passed directly to the owners and/or invest...
Passbook Savings Account
A type of traditional savings account where all the deposits, withdrawals, and interest earned are r...
Pay Yourself First
A budgeting strategy where money is set aside for savings or investments before paying regular month...
Payday Loan
A small, short-term unsecured loan, regardless of whether repayment of loans is linked to a borrower...
Payment Reminder Tools
Applications or services that alert users when bills are due to avoid late payments and potential pe...
Payroll Budgeting
The process of planning and allocating funds to cover all costs associated with paying employees, in...
Payroll Lending
Loans that are automatically repaid through payroll deductions, a mechanism that allows employers to...
Payroll Tax
Taxes imposed on employers or employees, and are usually calculated as a percentage of the salaries ...
Payroll Withholding Tax
The amount withheld by an employer from employees' earnings to pay their personal income taxes, sent...
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending
A method of debt financing that enables individuals to borrow and lend money without the use of an o...
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Payment Systems
Digital platforms that allow users to transfer money from their bank account or credit card directly...
Pension Management Software
Solutions designed to help individuals track and manage their retirement accounts and pensions, incl...
Performance Budget
A type of budget that reflects the input of resources and the output of services for each unit of an...
Performance Budgeting
A budgeting process that allocates funds based on the efficiency and performance of programs or depa...
Personal Budget Planner
A tool or software used by individuals to manage their income and expenditures, often including feat...
Personal Finance Dashboards
Interactive and customizable interfaces in financial software that provide an overview of an individ...
Personal Finance Management (PFM)
A software application that assists individuals in managing their personal finances, including track...
Personal Finance Software
Computer software designed to help individuals manage their income, expenses, and investments, often...
Personal Finance Virtual Workshops
Online seminars or webinars hosted by financial experts that teach participants about various aspect...
Personal Lines Insurance
Insurance that is offered to individuals and families rather than businesses, which can include auto...
Piggy Banking
Dividing your cash savings into several different pots, each with a specific purpose, similar to the...
PITI
Stands for Principal, Interest, Taxes, and Insurance, which are the four elements of a monthly mortg...
Plat
A map, drawn to scale, showing the divisions of a piece of land.
Policyholder
The individual or entity that owns an insurance policy and has the legal rights to the coverage it p...
Pooled Fund
A fund in which multiple investors pool their assets, sharing in the profits and losses proportionat...
Portfolio
A range of investments held by an individual or institution, including stocks, bonds, real estate, a...
Pre-Approval
A lender’s conditional agreement to lend a specific amount on a home loan before a buyer starts ho...
Predatory Lending
Any lending practice that imposes unfair or abusive loan terms on a borrower. It is also any practic...
Predatory Lending Practices
Unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices of some lenders during the loan origination process. Thes...
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
A type of health plan where members pay less if they use providers in the plan’s network. They can...
Preferred Stock
A class of ownership in a corporation that has a higher claim on the assets and earnings than common...
Premium
The amount of money that an individual or business must pay for an insurance policy.
Premium Financing
A strategy wherein a third party lends the insured the cost of the insurance premium which the insur...
Price Elasticity of Demand
A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in the price of that good...
Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio)
A ratio for valuing a company that measures its current share price relative to its per-share earnin...
Principal
The original sum of money borrowed in a loan, or put into an investment, separate from the interest....
Principal Forgiveness
A part of a loan modification that reduces the outstanding principal amount owed on the loan, usuall...
Priority-Based Budgeting
A method of budgeting where available funds are distributed based on the priority of programs or pro...
Private Equity
Capital investment made into companies that are not publicly traded. Most private equity consists of...
Pro Forma Budget
A budget prepared using hypothetical scenarios or assumptions to forecast income and expenditure, of...
Producer Price Index (PPI)
An index that measures the average change over time in the selling prices received by domestic produ...
Program Budget
A budget dedicated to a specific project or program, detailing the costs associated with specific ac...
Progressive Savings Plan
A savings strategy where the amount saved increases incrementally over time, in line with increases ...
Progressive Tax
A taxing mechanism in which the taxing authority charges more taxes as the income of the taxpayer in...
Progressive Tax System
A taxation system where the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases, placing a higher tax...
Property Tax
A tax assessed on real estate by the local government and paid by the property owner based on the va...
Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI)
An index of the prevailing direction of economic trends in the manufacturing and service sectors, de...
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
A theory that states that the exchange rate between two currencies is equal to the ratio of the curr...
Put Option
A financial contract giving the investor the right, but not the obligation, to sell a stock, bond, c...
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Qualified Annuity
A financial product that funds a qualified retirement plan or IRA. These annuities are funded with p...
Qualified Dividend
A type of dividend to which capital gains tax rates are applied, which are lower than rates applied ...
Qualified Longevity Annuity Contract (QLAC)
A type of deferred annuity funded with an investment from a qualified retirement plan that provides ...
Qualified Mortgage
A category of loans that have certain, more stable features that help make it more likely that you...
Qualified Policy
An insurance policy eligible for favorable tax treatment, typically in pension planning.
Qualified Retirement Plan
A retirement plan that meets requirements of the Internal Revenue Code and offers certain tax advant...
Quality Cost Analysis
The process of determining the costs associated with ensuring the quality of products or services, i...
Quality of Life Index
An estimation of overall quality of life by using an empirical formula which takes into account purc...
Quant Fund
An investment fund that selects securities using advanced quantitative analysis. In a quant fund, ma...
Quantitative Easing
A monetary policy wherein a central bank buys predetermined amounts of government bonds or other fin...
Quantitative Financial Models
Computer models that leverage mathematical and statistical techniques to solve financial problems, p...
Quantitative Personal Budgeting Tools
Advanced budgeting software that uses quantitative methods to analyze and predict future spending be...
Quantitative Personal Finance Tools
Advanced tools that use quantitative analysis to provide insights into personal financial decisions,...
Quantitative Tightening
A monetary policy used by central banks to decrease the amount of money in the banking system, typic...
Quarterly Budgeting
A financial planning approach that divides the year into four quarters, allowing for periodic adjust...
Quasi-Contractual Trusts
Arrangements that mimic trusts but without formal trust agreements, often created by statute or judi...
Quiet Enjoyment
A tenant's right to enjoy and use the premises without interference from the landlord or other tenan...
Quiet Title
A lawsuit filed to establish ownership of real estate when ownership is in question, clearing any di...
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Rainy Day Fund
A financial safety net focused on covering necessary expenses in case of minor financial emergencies...
Rate of Return
The gain or loss on an investment over a specified period, expressed as a percentage of the investme...
Real Estate Agent
A licensed professional who arranges real estate transactions, putting buyers and sellers together a...
Real Estate Broker
A person licensed to negotiate and arrange real estate transactions; this involves bringing buyers a...
Real Estate Investment
Investing in physical real estate properties like residential, commercial, or land, often involving ...
Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)
A company that owns, and in most cases operates, income-producing real estate. REITs own many types ...
Real Estate Owned (REO)
Property owned by a lender—typically a bank, government agency, or government loan insurer—after...
Real Estate Tax
Tax on the value of real property, often levied by local governments and used to fund local programs...
Real Exchange Rate
The value of a currency against another at current exchange rates and prices; it is used to determin...
Real GDP
Gross Domestic Product adjusted for inflation, providing a more accurate reflection of an economy's ...
Real Interest Rate
The interest rate adjusted for the inflation rate, representing the rate of return on an investment ...
Real Property
Land, and generally whatever is erected or affixed to the land, such as buildings, usually different...
Real Wage Growth
An indicator that measures the change in wages, adjusted for inflation, reflecting the purchasing po...
Recession
A significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months...
Recovery Rebate Credit
A tax credit that applies to individuals who did not receive their full economic stimulus payment an...
Redlining
A discriminatory practice by which banks, insurance companies, etc., refuse or limit loans, mortgage...
Refinancing
The process of replacing an existing mortgage with a new one, typically with better terms, such as a...
Regressive Tax
A tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increas...
Regressive Tax System
A tax system in which the tax rate decreases as the taxable amount increases. Under this system, low...
Regular Savings Plan (RSP)
A plan that allows individuals to save a fixed amount of money into their choice of investment funds...
Reinstatement
The process of restoring a lapsed or cancelled insurance policy to full force and effect.
Reinsurance
The practice of insurers transferring portions of risk portfolios to other parties to reduce the lik...
Reinvestment Plan
A plan that allows investors to automatically reinvest cash flows from dividends, interest, or capit...
Repossession
A process in which a financial institution takes back an object that was either used as collateral o...
Reserve Fund
Funds set aside for unexpected costs or to cover future financial obligations, not typically used fo...
Resource Allocation
The distribution of resources among various projects, departments, or segments within an organizatio...
Retail Sales
An economic indicator that tracks the total revenue of all retail stores in a given country, providi...
Retirement Planning Software
Tools designed to help users plan for retirement by forecasting retirement savings needs and spendin...
Retirement Scenario Planners
Tools that allow users to model different retirement scenarios based on variables such as savings ra...
Retroactive Date
In liability insurance, the date from which the insured has held uninterrupted coverage with one ins...
Return on Investment (ROI)
A measure used to evaluate the efficiency or profitability of an investment, calculated as net incom...
Revenue Budget
A detailed plan that outlines expected income for a future period, usually based on past financial d...
Reverse Mortgage
A type of mortgage that allows older homeowners (typically over the age of 62) to convert part of th...
Revolving Account
A credit account that lets you repeatedly borrow money up to a set limit and repay over time, such a...
Revolving Credit
A type of credit that does not have a fixed number of payments, in contrast to installment credit. C...
Rider
An addition to an insurance policy that modifies clauses and provisions of the policy, including or ...
Risk
The chance of loss or the peril that an insured item, such as property or life, may be lost, damaged...
Risk Assessment
The identification and analysis of relevant risks to achieving objectives, followed by the coordinat...
Risk Management
The identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical a...
Risk Management Software
Tools that identify, assess, and prioritize risks faced by individuals or businesses, often with cap...
Risk Tolerance
An individual investor's capacity to endure loss in their investment values for the potential of gre...
Risk-Adjusted Return
A calculation of the profit or potential profit from an investment that accounts for the degree of r...
Risk-Based Pricing
The practice of charging different interest rates and loan terms to different consumers based on the...
Robo-Advisors
Automated platforms that provide financial planning services with minimal human supervision. They us...
Rolling Budget
A continuously updated budget that adds a new budget period (e.g., month, quarter) as the current pe...
Roth IRA
An individual retirement account allowing a person to set aside after-tax income up to a specified a...
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Sales and Use Tax
Taxes levied by state and local jurisdictions on retail sales of goods and services. Use tax applies...
Sales Tax
A tax imposed by governments on the sale of goods and services, collected by the retailer at the poi...
Salvage
The process of an insurance company taking possession of damaged property for which it has paid clai...
Savings
The portion of income not spent on current expenditures and set aside for future use or emergencies....
Savings Account
A deposit account held at a bank or other financial institution that provides principal security and...
Savings Association
A financial institution that specializes in accepting savings deposits and making mortgage and other...
Savings Bond
A government bond that offers a fixed interest rate over a fixed period of time, often considered a ...
Savings Club
A group of people who agree to meet for a defined period in order to save and borrow together, a for...
Savings Goal
A financial objective or milestone that individuals set for themselves, such as saving for a vacatio...
Savings Goal Simulators
Interactive tools that allow users to visualize the progress towards specific savings goals under va...
Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees (SIMPLE)
An IRA-based plan that gives small employers a simplified method to contribute toward their employee...
Savings Rate
The percentage of money that one dedicates to saving from his or her disposable income.
Sector Fund
A mutual fund or ETF that invests solely in businesses that operate in a particular industry or sect...
Sector Performance Indexes
These indexes measure the performance of specific sectors of the economy, helping investors and anal...
Sectoral Balances
The macroeconomic sectoral financial balances of the private sector, government sector, and foreign ...
Secure Payment Gateways for Personal Transactions
Technologies that ensure the secure transmission of payment information between the buyer and seller...
Secured Bond
A type of bond that is backed by collateral, such as property or other financial assets, to provide ...
Secured Credit Card
A type of credit card that is backed by a cash deposit from the cardholder, which serves as collater...
Secured Creditor
A creditor who has the benefit of a security interest over some or all of the assets of the debtor i...
Secured Loan
A loan that is backed by collateral, which the lender can claim if the borrower defaults on the loan...
Securities
A financial instrument that represents an ownership position in a publicly-traded corporation (stock...
Securitization
The process of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial m...
Self-Employment Tax
A tax consisting of Social Security and Medicare taxes primarily for individuals who work for themse...
Self-Insurance
A risk management method in which a calculated amount of money is set aside to compensate for the po...
Shadow Banking System
A term for the collection of non-bank financial intermediaries that provide services similar to trad...
Share Account
A savings or deposit account at a credit union, the balance of which represents the ownership of the...
Short Sale
A real estate transaction for the purchase of a home before a bank forecloses on it, selling the hom...
Short Selling
The sale of a security that is not owned by the seller or that the seller has borrowed in the hope t...
Sin Tax
An excise tax specifically levied on certain goods deemed harmful to society, such as tobacco and al...
Sinking Fund
A fund containing money set aside or saved to pay off a debt or bond. A sinking fund may also be use...
Socially Responsible Investing (SRI)
Choosing investments based on ethical, social, corporate governance, or environmental criteria, in a...
Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) Tools
Platforms that screen and select investments based on ethical guidelines, allowing investors to alig...
Soft Inquiry
Also known as a soft pull, this type of credit report check does not affect a person’s credit scor...
Split Payments
A tax mechanism where payments are divided into several parts over a certain period, helping taxpaye...
Stagflation
A situation in which the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment re...
Standard Deduction
A portion of income that is not subject to tax and can be used to reduce a tax bill in lieu of itemi...
Static Budget
A budget that does not change or adjust once it is set, regardless of changes in business activity l...
Static vs. Flexible Budgets
Comparison between budgets that remain at one amount regardless of the activity level (static) and b...
Stocks
Shares of ownership in a company, which represent a claim on the company’s earnings and assets.
Structural Unemployment
Unemployment resulting from industrial reorganization, typically due to technological change, rather...
Student Loan Management Tools
Platforms that assist students and graduates in managing their student loans, offering services such...
Sublet
To lease or rent all or part of a leased or rented property by a tenant to a third party for a porti...
Subordinated Debt
Debt which ranks after other debts if a company falls into liquidation or bankruptcy.
Subprime Loan
A type of loan that is offered at a rate above prime to individuals who do not qualify for prime rat...
Subprime Mortgage
A type of mortgage that is normally made out to borrowers with lower credit ratings. A subprime mort...
Subrogation
The process by which an insurance company, after paying a loss, inherits your rights to recover the ...
Subscription Management Services
Services designed to track and manage your recurring expenses, such as subscriptions, in one platfor...
Surety Bond
A three-party agreement in which the third-party (surety) guarantees to a creditor (obligee) that a ...
Survey
A process by which a parcel of land is measured and its area ascertained; the document showing this ...
Sustainable Investing
Investment discipline that considers environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) criteria ...
Systematic Investment Plan (SIP)
An investment vehicle offered by mutual funds to investors, allowing them to invest small amounts pe...
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Tactical Asset Allocation
An active management portfolio strategy that shifts the percentage of assets held in various categor...
Tax Arbitrage
Taking advantage of the differences in tax rates or benefits between two or more jurisdictions by st...
Tax Audit
A review conducted by a tax authority to verify that income and deductions filed on a tax return are...
Tax Avoidance
The legal usage of the tax regime to one's own advantage, to reduce the amount of tax that is payabl...
Tax Bracket
A range of incomes taxed at a given rate, which changes as income increases. These are often progres...
Tax Bracket Creep
A situation where inflation increases income into a higher tax bracket, thus increasing taxes but wi...
Tax Compliance
The act of following tax rules and regulations, including filing returns and paying the correct amou...
Tax Credit
A direct reduction in tax liability (not merely a reduction in taxable income) for various expenditu...
Tax Deduction
A reduction of income that is able to be taxed, thus lowering the overall tax expense liability.
Tax Evasion
The illegal practice of not paying taxes by not reporting income, reporting expenses not legally all...
Tax Haven
A country or independent area where taxes are levied at a low rate or not at all to attract foreign ...
Tax Incidence
The analysis of the effect of a particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare.
Tax Lien
A legal claim by a government entity against a noncompliant taxpayer's assets.
Tax Loss Harvesting Software
Applications that help investors reduce taxes on capital gains and income by automating the process ...
Tax Optimization Software
Tools designed to help individuals and businesses plan and file their taxes in a manner that minimiz...
Tax Planning
The analysis of a financial situation or plan from a tax perspective, with the aim to ensure tax eff...
Tax Preparation Software
Computer software that assists individuals or small businesses in preparing income taxes and returns...
Tax Relief
Programs or policies designed to reduce the amount of tax owed by individuals or businesses, either ...
Tax Return
A form or forms filed with a tax authority that reports income, expenses, and other pertinent tax in...
Tax Shelter
Any method of reducing taxable income resulting in a reduction of the payments to tax collecting ent...
Tax Year
The 12-month period for which tax returns are prepared, differing by country, and in some cases, for...
Tax-Deferred Savings
Investment earnings such as interest, dividends, or capital gains that accumulate tax-free until the...
Tax-Exempt Savings Plan
A savings account or plan that offers tax benefits, such as no tax on interest earned or contributio...
Taxable Event
Any transaction or occurrence that results in a tax consequence for the party involved, such as the ...
Taxable Income
The portion of your income that is subject to taxes after all deductions, exemptions, and adjustment...
Technical Analysis
An investment analysis methodology for forecasting the direction of prices through the study of past...
Tenancy In Common
A form of concurrent estate in which each owner has an undivided interest in the property, even thou...
Tenant
A person who occupies land or property rented from a landlord.
Term Conversion
The process of converting a term life insurance policy into a whole or universal life insurance poli...
Term Life Insurance
A type of life insurance policy that provides coverage at a fixed rate of payments for a limited per...
Term Loan
A loan from a bank for a specific amount that has a specified repayment schedule and a fixed or floa...
Third-Party Insurance
Liability insurance purchased by the insured (the first party) from an insurer (the second party) fo...
Time Deposit
A money deposit at a banking institution that cannot be withdrawn for a certain "term" or period of ...
Title Insurance
Insurance that protects the holder from financial loss sustained from defects in a title to a proper...
Title Loan
A short-term loan in which the borrower’s car title is used as collateral. The borrower must own t...
Title Search
An examination of public records to determine and confirm a property's legal ownership, and find out...
Top-Down Budgeting
A budgeting process where the upper management prepares the budget with little to no input from lowe...
Total Factor Productivity (TFP)
A variable which accounts for effects in total output not caused by traditionally measured inputs of...
Total Nonfarm Payroll
A U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics indicator that represents the total number of paid U.S. workers of...
Tracking Stock
A type of common stock that is tied to the performance of a specific division within a parent compan...
Trade Elasticity
A measure of how much the quantity of trade is expected to increase in response to a decrease in tra...
Trade Intensity
The ratio of the sum of exports and imports to the sum of GDP, reflecting the dependence of a countr...
Transactional SMS Alerts
Text message notifications sent by banks or financial institutions to alert customers of transaction...
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS)
Government bonds indexed to inflation to help protect investors from a decline in the purchasing pow...
Trust Fund
A legal entity that holds assets, such as money, property, or other assets, for the benefit of anoth...
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Umbrella Policy
Extra liability insurance coverage that goes beyond the limits of the insured's home, auto, or water...
Umbrella Savings
A concept where a single savings account is used to save for multiple goals, with subdivisions for e...
Unclaimed Money Services
Online tools and services that help individuals search for and claim forgotten assets or funds from ...
Underemployment
A measure of employment and labor utilization in the economy that looks at how well the labor force ...
Underemployment Rate
A measure that includes those who are working part-time but would prefer full-time work, and those w...
Underinsurance
A condition in which insufficient insurance is in place to cover potential losses, typically exposin...
Underinsured
Refers to inadequate insurance coverage, whether in the context of health insurance or property and ...
Underwater
A term used to describe a financial contract or asset that is worth less than its notional value. Th...
Underwater Loan
A loan on an asset like a car or a house, where the value of the loan is higher than the market valu...
Underwater Mortgage
A situation where a homeowner owes more on their mortgage than the home is currently worth.
Underwriting
The process by which a lender determines if risks of a loan are acceptable and at what terms and rat...
Undesignated Fund
A fund within a financial plan or budget that is not restricted for a specific purpose and can be us...
Unearned Income
All income that comes from sources other than employment, including investment returns, interest, di...
Unemployment Rate
The percentage of the total labor force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment and willi...
Uniform Business Rate
A standardized tax rate applied to business properties, typically set by local or regional governmen...
Unit Labor Costs
The average cost of labor per unit of output, crucial in assessing competitiveness and profitability...
Universal Life Insurance
A type of flexible permanent life insurance offering the low-cost protection of term life insurance ...
Unsecured Bond
A bond that is not secured by collateral, making it riskier than a secured bond. The creditworthines...
Unsecured Debt
A loan that is issued and supported only by the borrower's creditworthiness, rather than by any type...
Unsecured Loan
A loan that is issued and supported only by the borrower's creditworthiness, rather than by any type...
Untaxed Savings
Savings or investments that grow without the application of income tax, capital gains tax, or any ot...
User-Friendly Tax Preparation Interfaces
Modern, intuitive software designs that simplify the process of filing taxes, making it easier for i...
Usury Laws
Regulations governing the amount of interest that can be charged on a loan. Usury laws specifically ...
Utility Analysis
The assessment of the usefulness or value derived from the consumption of goods and services, often ...
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Vacancy Rate
The percentage of all available units in a rental property, such as a hotel or apartment complex, th...
Value at Risk (VaR)
A statistical technique used to measure the level of financial risk within a firm or investment port...
Value Investing
An investment strategy that involves picking stocks that appear to be trading for less than their in...
Value Shifting
A tax avoidance strategy that involves altering the value of assets or earnings to reduce tax liabil...
Value-Added Tax (VAT)
A consumption tax placed on a product whenever value is added at each stage of the supply chain, fro...
VantageScore
A consumer credit-scoring model, created through a joint venture of the three major credit bureaus (...
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Variable Cost Analysis
Examining costs that change in proportion to the activity of a business, helping to make informed bu...
Variable Cost Budgeting
A budgeting approach focusing on costs that change in proportion to the activity of a business, such...
Variable Expenses
Costs that vary in amount and frequency, including utility bills, grocery costs, and entertainment e...
Variable Interest Rate
An interest rate that can fluctuate over the duration of the loan agreement, often tied to an index ...
Variable Life Insurance
A type of life insurance where the policyholder can allocate a portion of premium dollars to a separ...
Variable Rate Loan
A loan in which the interest rate charged on the outstanding balance varies as market interest rates...
Variable Rate Mortgage
A type of home loan in which the interest rate is not fixed but can change at specific times through...
Variable Rate Savings Account
A savings account in which the interest rate can change, typically based on changes to an index or o...
Variance
A request made to the local authority to deviate from current zoning requirements because, if applie...
Variance Analysis
The quantitative investigation of the difference between actual and planned behavior, used to unders...
VAT Refund
A repayment of value-added tax that has been paid on goods or services used or consumed by a visitor...
Velocity of Money
The rate at which money is exchanged from one transaction to another and how much a unit of currency...
Venture Capital
Financing that investors provide to startup companies and small businesses that are believed to have...
Venture Capital Availability
An indicator that measures the ease of access to capital for startups and business expansion, often ...
Venture Capital Confidence Index
A measure of the market sentiment and health of the venture capital environment based on responses f...
Venture Capital Trust (VCT)
A type of publicly listed closed-end fund found in the United Kingdom designed to provide private eq...
Venture Saving
Allocating savings to investment opportunities typically associated with high risk and potentially h...
Viatical Settlement
The sale of a life insurance policy by a terminally ill person for a percentage of the policy’s fa...
Virtual Financial Assistant
AI-powered tools that provide financial advice and can automate tasks such as bill payments and budg...
Virtual Financial Health Monitors
Tools that continuously analyze users’ financial data to provide ongoing insights and alerts about...
Virtual Financial Planning Assistants
AI-driven tools that provide personalized financial advice and can automate tasks such as budgeting,...
Virtual Wallets
Digital wallets that store payment information and passwords for numerous payment methods and websit...
Volatility Index (VIX)
A real-time market index representing the market's expectations for volatility over the coming 30 da...
Voluntary Savings
Personal savings deposited into accounts or investment vehicles chosen by the depositor rather than ...
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Wage Drift
The difference between basic contracted pay and the actual pay received by workers, including overti...
Wage Garnishment
A legal procedure in which a person's earnings are required by court order to be withheld by an empl...
Wage Growth
An economic indicator that measures the change in the total compensation of the labor force.
Wage Share
The proportion of national income accounted for by wages, providing insight into how income is divid...
Waiver
An endorsement to a policy that excludes certain illnesses or medical conditions from coverage.
Waiver of Premium
A provision in an insurance policy that keeps the policy in force without premium payments in the ca...
Wallet Optimization Apps
Software that suggests the best credit cards and payment methods for different types of purchases to...
Warrant
A derivative that confers the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security—most common...
Warranty
In real estate, a promise that the transferred title is clear and unencumbered.
Warranty Deed
A deed in which the grantor fully warrants good clear title to the premises; used in most real estat...
Wash Sale
A sale of a security (stocks, bonds, options) at a loss and repurchase of the same or substantially ...
Wealth Building
The process of accumulating long-term assets that generate sustainable capital gains, income dividen...
Wealth Management
A high-level professional service that combines financial and investment advice, accounting and tax ...
Wealth Management Chatbots
AI-driven chat interfaces that provide immediate, conversational assistance with wealth management q...
Wealth Management Platforms
Online services that offer a range of investment and portfolio management tools designed for wealthi...
Wealth Tax
A tax based on the market value of assets owned by individuals or businesses, which is distinct from...
Wealth Tracking Tools
Financial tools that track the growth of an individual's assets over time, helping to monitor wealth...
Welfare Economics
A branch of economics that focuses on the optimal allocation of resources and goods and how the allo...
Whole Account
An insurance term referring to the total package of policies held by an insured individual or entity...
Whole Life Insurance
Life insurance that remains in force for the insured's whole life and requires (in most cases) premi...
Withdrawal Plan
A strategy for how an individual will withdraw funds from a retirement account or other investment a...
Withholding
The portion of an employee's wages that is not included in their paycheck because it is sent directl...
Withholding Tax
An amount that employers withhold from their employees' wages and pay directly to the government as ...
Workout Agreement
An arrangement between a lender and borrower to restructure a borrower’s debt to avoid the potenti...
Write-Off
A reduction of the recognized value of something, in accounting, a direct reduction in the value of ...
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X-Dates
Insurance industry slang referring to the dates on which policies renew. These dates are tracked by ...
X-Efficiency
The degree of efficiency maintained by firms under conditions of imperfect competition such as monop...
X-efficiency Analysis Tools
Software that measures the effectiveness of investment and financial strategies against potential wa...
X-Inefficiency (Allocative Efficiency)
The difference between optimal and actual output in a market, caused by inefficiencies in the alloca...
Xenocurrency
A currency that circulates or is traded in markets outside of its domestic borders, often seen in in...
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Xero Integration for Personal Accounting
The ability to connect personal accounting tools with Xero, a cloud-based accounting software for sm...
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Year-End Tax Planning
Financial strategies implemented at the end of the tax year to maximize deductions, credits, and oth...
Year-Over-Year (YOY) Growth
A method of financial comparison that calculates the percentage change in value from one year to the...
Yearly Price Update
In insurance, this refers to annual adjustments in the rate or price of an insurance policy based on...
Yearly Renewable Term (YRT)
A type of term life insurance policy that is renewed every year, offering coverage for one year at a...
Yield
The income return on an investment, such as the interest or dividends received from holding a partic...
Yield Calculators
Tools used to calculate the return on an investment, which can include calculations for interest rat...
Yield Curve
A line that plots the interest rates, at a set point in time, of bonds having equal credit quality b...
Yield Curve Risk
The risk of experiencing an adverse shift in market interest rates associated with investing in a fi...
Yield Enhancement Strategy (YES)
An investment technique that aims to increase returns on a portfolio without buying additional secur...
Yield Farming
A financial strategy in cryptocurrency markets where users seek to earn returns through the staking ...
Yield Forecasting Tools
Software that predicts the potential returns from various types of investments, helping users make i...
Yield Gap
The difference between the yield on stocks and the yield on bonds. In many cases, it can be an indic...
Yield on 10-year Government Bonds
An indicator of the long-term interest rates set by government bonds, reflecting investor confidence...
Yield Protection Insurance
In agriculture, a type of insurance that guarantees a yield will be achieved and compensates the ins...
Yield Spread
The difference between yields on different debt instruments of varying maturities, credit ratings, i...
Yield Spread Premium (YSP)
The money or rebate given to a mortgage broker or lender for originating a loan at a higher interest...
Yield to Call (YTC)
The return a bondholder gets if the bond is held until the call date, which is before the bond reach...
Yield to Maturity (YTM)
The total return anticipated on a bond if the bond is held until it matures.
Youth Financial Education Platforms
Online tools and applications designed to teach financial literacy skills to children and teenagers,...
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Z-Bond
A bond representing the last tranche of a collateralized mortgage obligation that receives no paymen...
Z-Score
A statistical measure that quantifies the distance (in standard deviations) a data point is from the...
Z-Score Economic Stability Indicator
An analytical tool used to predict the probability of a country defaulting on its sovereign debt.
Z-Score Financial Stability Indicator
A statistical measure that quantifies the likelihood of a country facing financial distress by asses...
Zakat
A form of almsgiving treated in Islam as a religious obligation or tax, which, by Quranic ranking, i...
Zero Balance Card
A credit card on which there is no outstanding balance owed.
Zero Coupon Savings Bond
A bond bought at a price lower than its face value, with no recurring interest payments but instead ...
Zero Day Waiting Period
A policy feature where coverage starts immediately on the day the insurance policy is bought, withou...
Zero Lower Bound (ZLB)
A macroeconomic problem that occurs when the short-term nominal interest rate is at or near zero, ca...
Zero Sum Budgeting
A method where every dollar of income is assigned a specific outgoing purpose, ensuring no surplus o...
Zero-Balance Account (ZBA)
A checking account in which a balance of zero is maintained by automatically transferring funds from...
Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)
A method of budgeting in which all expenses must be justified for each new period, starting from a z...
Zero-Based Budgeting Software
Software that facilitates a budgeting method where every dollar of income is allocated to outgoings,...
Zero-Coupon Bond
A bond that is issued at a discount and repays the face value at maturity. It does not make periodic...
Zero-Coupon Yield Curve
A yield curve constructed using zero-coupon bonds, which are bonds that do not make periodic interes...
Zero-Rating
A tax status where goods or services are taxable but the tax rate is zero, often applied to items th...
Zero-Sum Budgeting Tools
Software that helps users allocate every dollar of income to various expenses, savings, and debt rep...
ZEW Indicator of Economic Sentiment
An aggregation of the sentiments of approximately 350 economists and analysts regarding the economic...
Zombie Companies
Firms that earn just enough money to continue operating and service debt but are unable to pay off t...
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Zombie Debt
Old debt that is past the statute of limitations and no longer owed, brought back to life by debt co...
Zoning
Government (usually local) regulation of the uses of land within certain areas; zoning regulations d...
Zoning Laws
Regulations established by local governments regarding the types of activities that may take place o...
Zoning Ordinance
A law that limits the permissible uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.
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